AESTRACT OF THE THESIS The Gecgraphy of National Integration: A Case 5tudy cf Indcnesia by CHRISTINE GRAKE, Ph. D. Thesis directcr: Professor Arthur Getis This study is concerned with a comprehensive analysis of national inteqraticn in lndcnesia in the early 197Cs, a topic cf particular relevance in this nation-state which comprises a tremendous variety of peoples, cultures, and differing degrees of developmtnt, distributed very uneverly throuqhout an archipelago which exterds over 3,300 nilfs from west to east and ccnsists cf over 13,000 islaads. It seeks to unravel the wary diverse strands of integraticn, to consider the relationship hetween sational integration and economic developaent, tc investisate the role of iriqraticn as an inteqrative force, to examine thf spatial patterns of inteqraticn using the province as thf unit of area, and to compare these patterns with the ccre-periphery rodel of inteqration and develc~ment as prc~csedby John Priednann and Edward scja. The multidinensicnality of national inteqraticn is discussed and analyscd. h histcrical tackgroucd is considersd in terms of the four major periods: the ancient empires; the experience of growing European influence and control; the Japanese cccupaticc and subsequent struggle for independence: and the period cf independence. These are discussed with the purpose bcth of hiqhlighting the main integrative events and of evaluating the varying participation of the different areas of Indonesia in these experiences. Next, the ~olitical, socio-cul tural, interaction, and econcmic dirensicns of integraticn are aualysed systematically. uith both the subjective, non-quantifiable ccmpcnents and the quantified as~ccts considered, Data for the quantifiable cor~onents are presented in map forn. using the Symap computer mapping pcoyram. The quantitative data are then synthesized through simple ccrrelation, factor, and canonical ccrrclaticn anulysls to extract the principal factors of national integration and to ascertain their relative independence. The six mcst pertinent of ths nine factors obtained are tnen synthesized on the tasis of their factor scores and rdlative rankings as a means cf classifying Indonesia's provinces according to their characteristics and degree of idteqraticn into the netional whole. Contrary to the model tcaditionally accepted io the literature, where Java is depicted as the core cf Indonesia, on basis a EL c_~~i_tg Java and Eali do not pcrtray either the dynamic economic characteristics or ever many cf the sccio-cultural features typical cf a national ccre. Rather, despite their high population dersity and coo~aratively hijhly developed ~nfrastructure, Java and Eali form a part of the ~eriphery, albeit a very distinct part. Ozly Jakarta. with its heterogeneous populaticn and its ccncentration of political and economic power, appears as the true core or Indonesia. Also ccntrary to tie usual pattern of integration found in many developing countries, the provinces closest to the core, Jakarta, are not the rrost integrated. They con~rise a less integrated ring, separating more integrated and economically developed prcvincos from the core. Vigration is found to he not particularly relevant to the question cf integraticn. The analysis confirms the expectation that natic~al inteqration is closely related tc economic development. Hswever, thf two factors are not syuonymous. The patterns of national integraticn and eccacmic development diverse most noticeably in the rrovince of liest Kalimantan, which appears significantly more eco~omically develcped than integrated. The study conclude2 with the implications of these flndlngs for naticnal integration and national planning. Problems include the threat to pclitical stability caused by increasing econorric ccctrasts kcth vithin and between provinces, the growing cfntralizaticn of government and its idcreasing domination by Javanese, the problem of regional daveloprnent tased on the strategy cf growth centers, and the need for stronger integrative ties particularly in certain provinces of eastern Indczesia.